Шкалы для рефрактометров
Образцы и их показатель преломления (nD)
SCHMIDT + HAENSCH предлагает ряд различных рефрактометров, которые можно использовать для определения коэффициента преломления и концентрации жидкости в различных образцах. Для того чтобы выбрать оптимальный технологический рефрактометр или лабораторный рефрактометр для конкретного применения, необходимо определить масштаб образца и желаемую температуру измерения. Это не только повысит надежность результатов измерений, но и поможет вам сэкономить средства, выбрав подходящий рефрактометр. Также возможно программирование нескольких шкал в одном рефрактометре.
В таблице ниже точно определены показатели преломления различных образцов, измеренные при температуре 20°C и λ = 589 нм в качестве контрольного измерения. Различные температуры приводят к различным показателям преломления (nD). Если вы пропустили образец в таблице или вам нужен другой температурный эталон, пожалуйста, свяжитесь с нами для получения дополнительной информации.
Мы предлагаем нашим клиентам разработку масштабов, консультации по применению и проектирование новых приложений. Наш отдел продаж будет рад ответить на ваши вопросы.
| Sample | Formula | Value of refractive index (nD) measured at 20 °C | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | ||||
| 1,2,2-Trifluortrichlorethan / Freon 113 | C2Cl3F3 | 1.354 | ||
| 1,3-Butanediol | C4H10O2 | 1.439-1.441 | ||
| 1-Bromonaphthalene | C10H7Br | 1.657 | ||
| 1-Naphthaldehyd | C10H7CHO | 1.652 | ||
| 1-Propanol | C3H8O | 1.384-1.387 | ||
| 2-Propanol | C3H8O | 1.384-1.387 | ||
| 2,4-Dichlortoluol | 1.545 | |||
| 2-Ethylhexyl laurate | C20H40O2 | 1.440-4.444 | ||
| 2-Ethylnapthalin | C12H12 | 1.600 | ||
| 2H-,3H-Perfluoropentan | 1.300 | |||
| 2-Phenylethanethiol | 1.560 | |||
| 2-Phenylethylchlorid | 1.530 | |||
| 2-Propanol 10% | C3H8O | 1.338-1.341 | ||
| 2-Propanol 20% | C3H80 | 1.345-1.348 | ||
| 2-Propanol 30% | C3H80 | 1.353-1.356 | ||
| 2-Propanol 40% | C3H80 | 1.359-1.361 | ||
| 2-Propanol 50% | C3H80 | 1.363-1.365 | ||
| 2-Propanol 60% | C3H80 | 1.368-1.369 | ||
| 2-Propanol 70% | C3H80 | 1.371-1.372 | ||
| 2-Propanol 80% | C3H80 | 1.374-1.375 | ||
| 2-Propanol 90% | C3H80 | 1.376-1.377 | ||
| Alpha-Methyl-Zimtaldehyd | C10H10O | 1.608 | ||
| Acetic acid | COOH | 1.333-1.372 | ||
| Acetic acid 30% | 1.351 | |||
| Aceton | 1.358 | |||
| Acetyltributylcitrate | C20H34O8 | 1.442-1.445 | ||
| Acryl glass | C5H8O2 | 1.490 | ||
| Acrylnitril | C3H3N | 1.391 | ||
| AdBlue® / Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) | 1.383 | |||
| Aloe extract | 1.334 | |||
| Aluminium | Al2O3 | 1.760 | ||
| Ammonia | 1.333-1.353 | |||
| Ammonia-solution | 1.367-1.377 | |||
| Ammonium-chloride | Cl | 1.333-1.377 | ||
| Ammonium-sulfate | 1.333-1.397 | |||
| Anethole | C10H12O | 1.559-1.561 | ||
| Anilin | C6H5NH2 | 1.586 | ||
| Antifreeze (GlysantinG40) | 1.32-1.42 | |||
| Antifreeze based on ethylene glycol | 1.33- 1.431 | |||
| Antifreeze based on propylene glycol | 1.33- 1.431 | |||
| Anise oil | C14H18O3 | 1.552-1.561 | ||
| Anisol | C7H8O | 1.518 | ||
| Apple | C4H6O5 | 1.350 | ||
| Asphalt / Bitumen | 1.650 | |||
| B | ||||
| Bariumchloride | BaCl | 1.333-1.375 | ||
| Basic solution, viscose | 1.393-1.397 | |||
| Bean jam | 1.430 | |||
| Beef curry | 1.357 | |||
| Beer | 1.340 | |||
| Benzol | 1.490 | |||
| Benzyl alcohol | 1.538-1.541 | |||
| Benzyl benzoate | 1.568-1.570 | |||
| Benzyl nicotinate | C13H11NO2 | 1.569-1.570 | ||
| Bean, broccoli, blueberry, blackberry | 1.345 | |||
| Benzylbromide | Br | 1.575 | ||
| Benzylformiat | C8H8O2 | 1.511 | ||
| Bisabolol | O | 1.493-1.499 | ||
| Bitter fennel oil | 1.528-1.539 | |||
| Bitter-fennel herb oil | 1.487-1.501 | |||
| Borage oil | 1.473-1.481 | |||
| Boric acid | H3BO3 | 1.333-1.336 | ||
| Brook mint | 1.482-1.495 | |||
| Bunker A / No. 2 fuel oil | 1.490 | |||
| Bunker C / No. 6 fuel oil | 1.560 | |||
| Butter | 1.450 | |||
| C | ||||
| Caesiumchloride | CsCl | 1.330-1.416 | ||
| Calciumchloride | 1.333-1.403 | |||
| Calciumfluoride | CaF2 | 1.430 | ||
| Campherspiritus | C10H16O | 1.372-1.374 | ||
| Canned seasoning yogurt | 1.366 | |||
| Canned syrup | 1.372 | |||
| Canola oil | 1.470 | |||
| Caprolactam | CPL | 1.315-1.5 | ||
| Caramel and Schoko Topping | 1.3329-1.53 | |||
| Caraway oil | 1.484-1.490 | |||
| Carbon disulfide | CS2 | 1.630 | ||
| Carrot | 1.345 | |||
| Cassia oil | 1.600-1.614 | |||
| Cauliflower, swede, paprika | 1.342 | |||
| Cesium chloride | CsCl | 1.333-1.417 | ||
| Cetearyl octanoate | 1.444-1.448 | |||
| Cetylstearylisononanoat | 1.440-1.450 | |||
| Cherry | 1.345 | |||
| Chili sauce | 1.380 | |||
| Cineol | 1.456-1.460 | |||
| Cinnamon leaf oil | 1.527-1.540 | |||
| Cinnamon oil | 1.572-1.591 | |||
| Citricacid | 0.9922-1.1346 | |||
| Citronella oil | 1.463-1.475 | |||
| Clofibrate | C12H15ClO3 | 1.500-1.505 | ||
| Clove oil | 1.530 | |||
| Cocoylcaprylocaprat | 1.445 | |||
| Cobaltous chloride | CoCl2 | 1.333-1.380 | ||
| Coconut oil | 1.440 | |||
| Cocoyl caprylocaprate | 1.445 | |||
| Codliver oil Type-A/B | 1.477-1.484 | |||
| Coffee | 1.340 | |||
| Coffee TDS | 1.3313-1.37 | |||
| Coke | 1.350 | |||
| Concentrated juice | 1.430 | |||
| Condensed milk | 1.450 | |||
| Cooking oil | 1.480 | |||
| Coppersulfate | CuSO4 | 1.3306099-1.3689 | ||
| Coriander oil | 1.462-1.470 | |||
| Corn soup | 1.347 | |||
| Creatinine | C4H7N3O | 1.333-1.349 | ||
| Cupric sulfate | CuSO4 | 1.333-1.367 | ||
| Cutting oil emulsion | 1.334 | |||
| Cyclohexan | C6H12 | 1.426 | ||
| D | ||||
| Dalmatian sage | 1.457-1.473 | |||
| Damascenon | C6H12 | 1.380 | ||
| Decyl oleate | C28H54O2 | 1.456-1.458 | ||
| Dextran | H(C6H10O5)xOH | 1.333-1.349 | ||
| D-Fructose | 1.333-1.459 | |||
| D-Glucose | 1.333-1.439 | |||
| Dibutyl adipate | C14H26O4 | 1.435 | ||
| Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) | C16H22O4 | 1.490-1.495 | ||
| Dichloromethane | CH2Cl2 | 1.423-1.425 | ||
| Diesel oil | 1.478 | |||
| Diethyl phthalate | C12H14O4 | 1.500-1.505 | ||
| Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether | C6H14O3 | 1.426-1.428 | ||
| Diiodbenzol | C6H4I2 | 1.718 | ||
| Diiodmethan | CH2I2 | 1.743 | ||
| Diiodopropan | 1.642 | |||
| Diisopropyl adipate | C12H22O4 | 1.424 | ||
| Dimercaprol | C3H8OS2 | 1.568-1.574 | ||
| Dimethicone 1000+ | 1.404-1.406 | |||
| Dimethicon 350+ | 1.404-1.406 | |||
| Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) | 1.478-1.479 | |||
| Dimethylacetamide (DMAC) | 1.435-1.439 | |||
| Dimethylformamide (DMF) | 1.3327-1.447 | |||
| D-Mannitol | C6H14O6 | 1.333-1.355 | ||
| Disodium Ethylenediaminetetra-acetate (EDTA) | 0.9922-1.0305 | |||
| E | ||||
| Egg | 1.355 | |||
| Egg yolk | 1.420 | |||
| Electrical discharging liquid | 1.357 | |||
| Electrolyte | 1.370 | |||
| Emulsifying hydrophobic base gel | 1.473-1.483 | |||
| Endive, asparagus, pea, salat, tomato, onion | 1.342 | |||
| Epoxy | 1.620 | |||
| Ethanol | C2H6O | 1.333-1.362 | ||
| Ethylenglycol | C2H6O2 | 1.431 | ||
| Ethylhexylglycerin | C11H24O3 | 1.449-1.453 | ||
| Eucalyptus oil | 1.458-1.470 | |||
| Eugenol | C10H12O2 | 1.540-1.542 | ||
| F | ||||
| Felosan | 1.32-1.4204 | |||
| Ferric chloride | FeCl3 | 1.333-1.383 | ||
| Flint glass | 1.620 | |||
| Formic acid | CH2O2 | 1.333-1.365 | ||
| Formic acid 25% | 1.352 | |||
| Formic acid 85% | 1.369 | |||
| Formic acid 98% | 1.371 | |||
| G | ||||
| Gelatin liquid | 1.348 | |||
| Glucose syrup | 1.463-1.495 | |||
| Glycerin | C3H8O3 | 1.474 | ||
| Glycerol | C3H8O3 | 1.470-1.475 | ||
| Glycerol 85% | 1.449-1.455 | |||
| Glycerol diisostearate | 1.462-1.468 | |||
| Green tea | 1.335 | |||
| Grinding chemical liquid | 1.334 | |||
| H | ||||
| Hexetidine | C21H45N3 | 1.461-1.467 | ||
| Honey | 1.520 | |||
| Honey starch syrup | 1.495 | |||
| Human serum or plasma | 1.333-1.361 | |||
| Hydrochloracid | HCl | 0.9922-1.1977 | ||
| Hydrogen peroxide | H2O2 | 1.325244-1.41 | ||
| Hydrophobic base gel | 1.475-1.495 | |||
| Hydroxyethyl salicylate | C9H10O4 | 1.548-1.551 | ||
| I | ||||
| Immersion oil | 1.512 | |||
| Inulin | C6nH10n+2O5n+1 | 1.333-1.348 | ||
| Iodbenzol | C6H5I | 1.620 | ||
| Iodnaphthalin | 1.701 | |||
| Isoeugenol | C10H12O2 | 1.577 | ||
| Isopropyl myristate | C17H34O2 | 1.434-1.437 | ||
| Isopropyl palmitate | C19H38O2 | 1.436-1.440 | ||
| J | ||||
| Japanese plum | 1.340 | |||
| Juniper oil | 1.471-1.483 | |||
| K | ||||
| Ketchup | 1.385 | |||
| L | ||||
| Lactic acid | C3H6O3 | 1.333-1.417 | ||
| Lactic acid bacteria beverage | 1.360 | |||
| Lactose | C12H22O11 | 1.333-1.359 | ||
| Lactulose-syrup | 1.445-1.478 | |||
| Latex in solvent | 1.315-1.47 | |||
| Lavender oil | 1.455-1.466 | |||
| Lead Nitrate | Pb(NO3)2 | 1.333-1.387 | ||
| Lemon oil | 1.473-1.476 | |||
| Lime / Lemon | 1.346 | |||
| Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate acid | LAS-H | 1.3231-1.52 | ||
| Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate sodium salt | LAS-Na | 1.3231-1.42 | ||
| Lithium chloride | LiCl | 1.333-1.399 | ||
| M | ||||
| Macrogol-20-glycerolmonostearat | 1.464-1.468 | |||
| Macrogolglycerolcaprylocaprate | ~1.400 | |||
| Macrogolglycerololeate | 1.470 | |||
| Macrogolglycerolricinoleat | 1.470-1.474 | |||
| Macrogololeat | ~1.466 | |||
| Magnesium-chloride | MgCl2 | 1.333-1.415 | ||
| Magnesium-fluoride | MgF2 | 1.381 | ||
| Magnesium-sulfate | MgSO4 | 1.333-1.385 | ||
| Maltose | C12H22O11 | 1.333-1.357 | ||
| Mandarin peel oil | 1.474-1.478 | |||
| Manganous-sulfate | MnSO4 | 1.333-1.373 | ||
| Marmelade / jam / jelly | 1.460 | |||
| Marshmallow syrup | 1.440-1.455 | |||
| Medium-chain triglycerides | 1.440-1.452 | |||
| Methanesulfonic acid | CH4O3S | 1.429-1.430 | ||
| Methanol | CH3OH | 1.333-1.340 | ||
| Methanol in dimethylformamide (DMF) | 14.305 | |||
| Methyl salicylate | C8H8O3 | 1.535-1.538 | ||
| Methylene Iodide | CH3I | 1.744 | ||
| Milk | 1.350 | |||
| Mint oil | 1.456–1.470 | |||
| Miso soup | 1.336 | |||
| Molasses | 1.470 | |||
| Monobromnaphthalin | C10H7Br | 1.650 | ||
| Mountain pine oil | 1.474-1.480 | |||
| Muscatel Sage | 1.456-1.466 | |||
| N | ||||
| Natural rubber | 1.540 | |||
| Nectar | 1.360 | |||
| Neroli oil | 1.464-1.474 | |||
| n-Heptan | C7H16 | 1.388 | ||
| Nickel nitrate | NiNO3 | 1.315-1.47 | ||
| Nickel sulfat | NiSO4 | 1.333-1.345 | ||
| Nikethamide | 1.524-1.526 | |||
| Nitric acid | HNO3 | 1.333-1.387 | ||
| N-Methylpyrrolidone | C5H9NO | 1.469 | ||
| N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) | 1.33-1.47 | |||
| n-Octan | C8H13 | 1.398 | ||
| Nutmeg oil | 1.457-1.485 | |||
| O | ||||
| Octyldodecanol | C20H42O | 1.453-1.457 | ||
| Oechsle | Oe | 1.32-1.49 | ||
| Oil | 1.473-1.478 | |||
| Oleic acid | C18H34O2 | 1.457-1.461 | ||
| Oleyl oleate | 1.464-1.466 | |||
| Olive oil | 1.468 | |||
| Orange | 1.348 | |||
| Oxalicacid | C2H2O4 | 0.9922-1.0355 | ||
| P | ||||
| Paraffin | C6H12O3 | 1.479 | ||
| Paraldehyde | 1.403-1.406 | |||
| Pastry cream | 1.400 | |||
| Pentylene glycol | C5H12O2 | 1.435-1.440 | ||
| Peppermint oil | 1.457-1.467 | |||
| Perfluorodecalin | C10F18 | 1.315 | ||
| Phenethyl alcohol | C8H10O | ~1.532 | ||
| Phenol | C6H6O | 1.541 | ||
| Phenoxyethanol | C8H10O2 | 1.537-1.539 | ||
| Phenylnaphtalin | C20H14O4 | 1.664 | ||
| Phosphoric | 1.333-1.375 | |||
| Phosphoric acid | H3PO4 | 1.3306099-1.3735 | ||
| Phytomenadione | C31H46O2 | ~1.526 | ||
| Pine needle oil | 1.465-1.480 | |||
| Plain yogurt | 1.345 | |||
| Plant cell culture | 1.334 | |||
| Plastic eyeglasses ruby | 1.760 | |||
| Polyacrylmethacrylate | C5H8O2 | 1.490 | ||
| Polycarbonate | 1.585 | |||
| Polystyrene | (C8H8)n | 1.580 | ||
| Potassium | 1.333-1.349 | |||
| Potassium bicarbonate | KH | 1.3306099-1.3595 | ||
| Potassium bromide | KBr | 1.333-1.391 | ||
| Potassium carbonate | 1.333-1.403 | |||
| Potassium chloride | KCl | 1.333-1.367 | ||
| Potassium chromate | K2CrO4 | 1.333-1.411 | ||
| Potassium dichromate | K2Cr2O7 | 1.333-1.352 | ||
| Potassium dihydrogenphosphate | 1.330-1.345 | |||
| Potassium ferricy anide | K3[Fe(CN)6] | 1.333-1.387 | ||
| Potassium fluoride | KF | 1.3272-1.36678 | ||
| Potassium hydrogenphosphate | 1.330-1.3445 | |||
| Potassium hydroxide | KOH | 1.330-1.4247 | ||
| Potassium Iodide | KI | 1.333-1.403 | ||
| Potassium lactate | C3H5KO3 | 1.402-1.405 | ||
| Potassium nitrate | 1.333-1.355 | |||
| Potassium oxalate | C2K2O4 | 1.333-1.351 | ||
| Potassium phosphate | K3PO4 | 1.333-1.345 | ||
| Potassium sulfate | 1.333-1.345 | |||
| Potassium thiocyanate | KSCN | 1.333-1.475 | ||
| Procaine hydrochloride | C13H20N2O2 | 1.333-1.483 | ||
| Propofol | C12H18O | 1.512-1.514 | ||
| Propylene glycol | C3H8O2 | 1.431-1.433 | ||
| Propylenglycoldicaprylocaprate | C19H36O4 | 1.439-1.442 | ||
| Pudding | 1.368 | |||
| Purified terpentine oil | 1.465-1.478 | |||
| Purified water | 1.332-1.334 | |||
| Powdered alkaline detergent (Dirl LUM603) | 1.3248-1.3672 | |||
| Pyrrolidone | 1.487-1.490 | |||
| Q | ||||
| Quartz glass | SiO2 | 1.460 | ||
| R | ||||
| Refined almond oil | 1.470-1.473 | |||
| Refined apricot kernel oil | 1.472 | |||
| Refined corn oil | 1.472–1.476 | |||
| Refined evening primrose oil | 1.476-1.480 | |||
| Refined grape seed oil | 1.474-1.477 | |||
| Refined jojoba wax | 1.466 | |||
| Refined macadamia oil | 1.466-1.470 | |||
| Refined olive oil | 1.467-1.471 | |||
| Refined peanut oil | 1.468-1.473 | |||
| Refined rapeseed oil | 1.470-1.474 | |||
| Refined safflower oil (Type1) | 1.476 | |||
| Refined safflower oil (Type2) | 1.472 | |||
| Refined sesamum oil | 1.470-1.476 | |||
| Refined soya oil | 1.472-1.478 | |||
| Refined sunflower oil | 1.473-1.476 | |||
| Refined sunflower oil containing oleic acid | 1.470 | |||
| Raspberry | 1.345 | |||
| Ricinus oil | 1.480 | |||
| Rosemary oil | 1.464-1.473 | |||
| S | ||||
| Salat | 1.342 | |||
| Saline | 1.333 | |||
| Sea water | 1.333-1.353 | |||
| Sesame oil | 1.478 | |||
| Sevoflurane | C4H3F7O | 1.274-1.276 | ||
| Silicone oil | 1.406 | |||
| Silicone solution | 1.360 | |||
| Silver nitrate | AgNO3 | 1.333-1.391 | ||
| Sodium acetate | C2H3NaO2 | 1.333-1.375 | ||
| Sodium bicarbonate | NaHCO3 | 1.333-1.340 | ||
| Sodium bromide | NaBr | 1.333-1.400 | ||
| Sodium carbonate | Na2CO3 | 1.333-1.367 | ||
| Sodium chloride | NaCl | 1.333-1.379 | ||
| Sodium diatrizoate | C11H8I3N2NaO4 | 1.333-1.417 | ||
| Sodium dichromate | Na2Cr2O7 | 1.333-1.513 | ||
| Sodium ferrocyanide | Na4[Fe(CN)6] | 1.333-1.373 | ||
| Sodium dihydrogenphosphate | NaH2PO4 | 1.330-1.3869 | ||
| Sodium hydrogenphosphate | Na2HPO4 | 1.330-1.3433 | ||
| Sodium hydroxide | NaOH | 1.333-1.433 | ||
| Sodium hypochlorite | NaOCl | 1.333-1.380 | ||
| Sodium molybdate | Na2MoO4 | 1.333-1.349 | ||
| Sodium nitrate | NaNO3 | 1.333-1.379 | ||
| Sodium phosphate | 1.3306-1.3532 | |||
| Sorbital solution 70% non crystalizing | 1.455-1.465 | |||
| Sodium sulfate | Na2SO4 | 1.333-1.355 | ||
| Sodium tartrade | C4H4Na2O6 | 1.333-1.381 | ||
| Sodium thiosulfate | Na2S2O3 | 1.333-1.423 | ||
| Sodium tungstate | Na2WO4 | 1.333-1.430 | ||
| Sorbitan and glycerolmonooleat | 1.474-1.480 | |||
| Sorbitan trioleate | C60H108O8 | 1.473-1.477 | ||
| Soy bean | 1.430 | |||
| Soy milk | 1.350 | |||
| Soy sauce | 1.395 | |||
| Spanish sage | 1.457-1.473 | |||
| Spike oil | 1.461-1.468 | |||
| Squalan | C30H62 | 1.450-1.454 | ||
| Star anise oil | 1.553-1.556 | |||
| Starch | C6H10O5 | 1.376 | ||
| Stevia | 1.3326-1.3334 | |||
| Strontium chloride | SrCl2 | 1.333-1.407 | ||
| Styren | C8H8 | 1.546 | ||
| Sucrose | C12H22O11 | 0.9717-1.4512 | ||
| Sulfuric acid | 1.333-1.403 | |||
| Sweet orange oil | 1.470-1.476 | |||
| T | ||||
| Tea tree oil | 1.475-1.482 | |||
| Tetrachlorethylene | C2Cl4 | 1.505 | ||
| Tham | C4H11NO3 | 1.333-1.397 | ||
| Thyme oil | C50H82O4 | 1.490-1.505 | ||
| Toluol | C7H8 | 1.497 | ||
| Tomato | 1.342 | |||
| Trans-Decalin | C10H18 | 1.470 | ||
| Triacetin | C9H14O6 | 1.429-1.432 | ||
| Trichloracetic acid | C2HCl3O2 | 0.9922-1.2682 | ||
| Trichlorfluormethan / Freon 11 | CCl3F | 1.375 | ||
| Triethyl citrate | C12H20O7 | 1.440-1.446 | ||
| Trolamine | C6H15NO3 | 1.482-1.485 | ||
| Tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine | TRIS | 1.3306-1.397 | ||
| Turpentine oil beach Pine-Type | 1.465-1.475 | |||
| U | ||||
| Urea | 1.333-1.403 | |||
| Urine solida human | 1.333-1.348 | |||
| UrineSpecificGravity | 1.332-1.349 | |||
| V | ||||
| Valproic acid | C8H16O2 | 1.422-1.425 | ||
| Vinyl acetat | C4H6O2 | 1.396 | ||
| Virgin avocado oil / Refined avocado oil | ~1.479 | |||
| Virgin castor oil | ~1.479 | |||
| Virgin jojoba wax | 1.466 | |||
| Virgin linseed oil | 1.478-1.482 | |||
| Virgin olive oil | 1.467-1.471 | |||
| Virgin Safflower oil | 1.476 | |||
| Virgin wheatgerm oil | ~1.475 | |||
| W | ||||
| Water | 1.333 | |||
| Watermelon, wineberry | 1.350 | |||
| X | ||||
| Xylen | C8H10 | 1.500 | ||
| Z | ||||
| Zimtacetat | 1.541 | |||
| Zink sulfate | ZnSO4 | 1.333-1.365 |
